ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2)
Covers Central and Eastern European languages using Latin script: Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Romanian, Croatian, and others.
Byte Structure
ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) uses fixed 1-byte encoding per character. Characters not in this encoding cannot be represented and must be replaced or transliterated.
When to Use ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2)
ISO-8859-2 covers Central and Eastern European languages written in Latin script. You'll encounter it in legacy Polish, Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, or Romanian content. UTF-8 is the correct choice for all new systems targeting these languages.
Sample Characters in ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2)
The table below shows how a selection of characters are represented in ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2). Bytes are shown in hexadecimal. Characters marked "not supported" cannot be encoded in ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) and would need to be replaced or transliterated when converting from Unicode.
| Character | Codepoint | Name | Bytes (Hex) | Bytes (Decimal) | Supported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | U+0041 | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A | 41 | 65 | Yes |
| a | U+0061 | LATIN SMALL LETTER A | 61 | 97 | Yes |
| 0 | U+0030 | DIGIT ZERO | 30 | 48 | Yes |
| $ | U+0024 | DOLLAR SIGN | 24 | 36 | Yes |
| £ | U+00A3 | POUND SIGN | not supported | — | |
| © | U+00A9 | COPYRIGHT SIGN | not supported | — | |
| € | U+20AC | EURO SIGN | not supported | — | |
| α | U+03B1 | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA | not supported | — | |
| А | U+0410 | CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER A | not supported | — | |
| 中 | U+4E2D | not supported | — | ||
| あ | U+3042 | HIRAGANA LETTER A | not supported | — | |
| ☺ | U+263A | WHITE SMILING FACE | not supported | — |
Working with ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) in Code
Every major language has built-in support for encoding conversion. The examples below show how to encode a string to ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) bytes and decode it back to a Unicode string. Always specify the encoding explicitly — never rely on system defaults, which vary by OS and locale.
# Encode a string to iso-8859-2 bytes
text = "Hello, 世界"
encoded = text.encode("ISO-8859-2")
# Decode bytes back to a string
decoded = encoded.decode("ISO-8859-2")// Convert to iso-8859-2
$bytes = mb_convert_encoding(
"Hello, 世界",
"ISO-8859-2",
"UTF-8"
);
// Convert back to UTF-8
$text = mb_convert_encoding(
$bytes,
"UTF-8",
"ISO-8859-2"
);// Encode to ISO-8859-2 bytes
const encoder = new TextEncoder(); // UTF-8
const bytes = encoder.encode("Hello, 世界");
// Decode bytes
const decoder = new TextDecoder("ISO-8859-2");
const text = decoder.decode(bytes);-- Create a database with ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2)
CREATE DATABASE mydb
ENCODING 'ISO-8859-2'
LC_COLLATE 'en_US.UTF-8';
-- Check database encoding
SELECT pg_encoding_to_char(encoding)
FROM pg_database
WHERE datname = current_database();Compare with Other Encodings
See how ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) differs from other encodings — which characters each supports and how the byte representations compare.
ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) FAQ
What is ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) used for?
ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) is a character encoding used in specific regional or application contexts. It encodes a defined character set in a fixed-width byte format. For new systems, UTF-8 is the recommended encoding — it supports all Unicode characters and is the universal standard for the web and modern software.
How do I convert ISO-8859-2 (Latin-2) to UTF-8?
In Python: decoded = bytes_data.decode("ISO-8859-2"), then re-encode as UTF-8 with decoded.encode("utf-8"). In PHP: mb_convert_encoding($string, "UTF-8", "ISO-8859-2"). Always verify the output after conversion by checking that the text renders correctly.